Various layout methods, characteristics and applications of speakers

Loudspeakers, commonly known as "horns", are a type of transducing device that converts electrical signals into acoustic signals and is an important part of the sound system. The performance of the loudspeaker has a great influence on the sound quality, and there are many particularities about the placement of the loudspeaker.

There are four kinds of loudspeaker layout methods, which are centralized layout, that is, the speakers are arranged on both sides of the stage; decentralized layout, which is to install several ceiling speakers on the ceiling in a decentralized manner, or install several speakers on the wall , Distributed behind the seats, etc .; centralized + decentralized arrangement, that is, centralized type, decentralized auxiliary arrangement; linear array arrangement, that is, the speakers are arranged in a vertical direction, each speaker has a circular cone shape The sound pressure of these circular conical spaces is squeezed correspondingly to form a horizontally elliptical covered space, just covering the position of the auditorium.

The advantages of centralized layout are convenient and practical, simple connection, less wires, accurate sound localization and natural sound reinforcement. But at the same time, it is easy to cause howling and the microphone volume is not turned up. It is suitable for the stage that requires the same audio-visual effect or the place where it is not suitable to be dispersed due to the limitation of the building shape. When it is arranged centrally, the direct sound of the audience area should be more uniform, and the acoustic feedback should be minimized.

The decentralized arrangement can improve the direct sound ratio, the sound pressure distribution is uniform, and it is not easy to cause howling, but the sound direction is poor. It is suitable for places with low clear height, long vertical distance or separated into partial use, and places with long reverberation time in the place, which is not suitable for centralized arrangement.

The centralized + decentralized layout is suitable for music, theater, etc., the sound with accurate sound direction needs to be centralized, and the language reinforcement is decentralized. Although this method has the advantages of both centralized and decentralized, the system is complex and costly.

Linear array speakers are mainly designed for outdoor large-scale performances, characterized by sharp directivity, the vertical radiation angle of each speaker is only 10 to 30 degrees and the speaker angle can be adjusted accurately, and the attenuation per octave is as small as 3dB.